What is health? It’s a complex question that might have different answers for your personal health, public health, and even the evolutionary history of health. Like all animals, we adapt and evolve in response to stressors; sometimes we adapt genetically and sometimes culturally. Sometimes culture causes stress we must overcome. The case studies presented here will help you explore the interconnectedness of environment, culture, and genetics in our individual and collective health—just like the scientists working to understand it.